在本章中,我們將學習如何從MongoDB集合中查詢文檔。
要查詢MongoDB集合中的數(shù)據(jù),您需要使用MongoDB的find()方法。
find()方法的基本語法如下-
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find()
find() 方法將以非結構化方式顯示所有文檔。
假設我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了一個名為 mycol 的集合-
> use sampleDB
switched to db sampleDB
> db.createCollection("mycol")
{ "ok" : 1 }
>并使用insert()方法在其中插入3個文檔,如下所示-
> db.mycol.insert([
{
title: "MongoDB Overview",
description: "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
by: "基礎教程",
url: "",
tags: ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
likes: 100
},
{
title: "NoSQL Database",
description: "NoSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫沒有表",
by: "基礎教程",
url: "",
tags: ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
likes: 20,
comments: [
{
user:"user1",
message: "My first comment",
dateCreated: new Date(2013,11,10,2,35),
like: 0
}
]
}
])以下方法檢索集合中的所有文檔-
> db.mycol.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c"), "title" : "MongoDB Overview", "description" : "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫", "by" : "基礎教程", "url" : "", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534d"), "title" : "NoSQL Database", "description" : "NoSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫沒有表", "by" : "基礎教程", "url" : "", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 20, "comments" : [ { "user" : "user1", "message" : "My first comment", "dateCreated" : ISODate("2013-12-09T21:05:00Z"), "like" : 0 } ] }
>要以格式化的方式顯示結果,可以使用pretty()方法。
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().pretty()
以下示例從名為 mycol 的集合中檢索所有文檔,并以易于閱讀的格式排列它們。
> db.mycol.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c"),
"title" : "MongoDB Overview",
"description" : "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
"by" : "基礎教程",
"url" : "",
"tags" : [
"mongodb",
"database",
"NoSQL"
],
"likes" : 100
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534d"),
"title" : "NoSQL Database",
"description" : "NoSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫沒有表",
"by" : "基礎教程",
"url" : "",
"tags" : [
"mongodb",
"database",
"NoSQL"
],
"likes" : 20,
"comments" : [
{
"user" : "user1",
"message" : "My first comment",
"dateCreated" : ISODate("2013-12-09T21:05:00Z"),
"like" : 0
}
]
}除了find()方法外,還有一種findOne()方法僅返回一個文檔。
>db.COLLECTIONNAME.findOne()
以下示例檢索標題為MongoDB Overview的文檔。
> db.mycol.findOne({title: "MongoDB Overview"})
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd6542170fb13eec3963bf0"),
"title" : "MongoDB Overview",
"description" : "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
"by" : "基礎教程",
"url" : "",
"tags" : [
"mongodb",
"database",
"NoSQL"
],
"likes" : 100
}要根據(jù)某些條件查詢文檔,可以使用以下操作。
| 操作 | 格式 | 范例 | RDBMS中的類似語句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 等于 | {<key>:<value>} | db.col.find({"by":"基礎教程"}).pretty() | where by = '基礎教程' |
| 小于 | {<key>:{$lt:<value>}} | db.col.find({"likes":{$lt:50}}).pretty() | where likes < 50 |
| 小于或等于 | {<key>:{$lte:<value>}} | db.col.find({"likes":{$lte:50}}).pretty() | where likes <= 50 |
| 大于 | {<key>:{$gt:<value>}} | db.col.find({"likes":{$gt:50}}).pretty() | where likes > 50 |
| 大于或等于 | {<key>:{$gte:<value>}} | db.col.find({"likes":{$gte:50}}).pretty() | where likes >= 50 |
| 不等于 | {<key>:{$ne:<value>}} | db.col.find({"likes":{$ne:50}}).pretty() | where likes != 50 |
| 值在數(shù)組中 | {<key>:{$in:[<value1>, <value2>,……<valueN>]}} | db.mycol.find({"name":{$in:["Raj", "Ram", "Raghu"]}}).pretty() | 其中name與其中的任何值匹配 :["Raj", "Ram", "Raghu"] |
| 值不在數(shù)組中 | {<key>:{$nin:<value>}} | db.mycol.find({"name":{$nin:["Ramu", "Raghav"]}}).pretty() | name 值不在數(shù)組中 :["Ramu", "Raghav"] 或者,根本不存在 |
要基于AND 條件查詢文檔,您需要使用$and 關鍵字。以下是AND的基本語法-
>db.mycol.find({ $and: [ {<key1>:<value1>}, { <key2>:<value2>} ] })下面的實例將顯示所有的教程由“ 基礎教程”編寫的教程和標題為“ MongoDB Overview”。
> db.mycol.find({$and:[{"by":"基礎教程"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd4e2cc0821d3b44607534c"),
"title" : "MongoDB Overview",
"description" : "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
"by" : "基礎教程",
"url" : "",
"tags" : [
"mongodb",
"database",
"NoSQL"
],
"likes" : 100
}
>對于上面給出的示例,等效 where 子句將為' where by = '基礎教程' AND title = 'MongoDB Overview' '。您可以在find子句中傳遞任意數(shù)量的鍵,值對。
要基于“OR”條件查詢文檔,需要使用$or關鍵字。以下是OR的基本語法:
>db.mycol.find(
{
$or: [
{key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
]
}
).pretty()以下示例將顯示所有由“ tutorials point”編寫或標題為“ MongoDB Overview”的教程。
>db.mycol.find({$or:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
"by": "基礎教程",
"url": "",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100"
}
>下面的示例將顯示點贊(likes)大于10且標題為“ MongoDB概述”或 by為“ 基礎教程”的文檔。等效于SQL where子句為 'where likes>10 AND (by = '基礎教程' OR title = 'MongoDB概述')'
>db.mycol.find({"likes": {$gt:10}, $or: [{"by": "tutorials point"},
{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB概述",
"description": "MongoDB不是SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫",
"by": "基礎教程",
"url": "",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100"
}
>要根據(jù)NOR條件查詢文檔,需要使用$nor關鍵字。以下是NOR的基本語法:
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find(
{
$nor: [
{key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
]
}
)假設我們在集合 empDetails 中插入了3個文檔,如下所示-
db.empDetails.insertMany(
[
{
First_Name: "Radhika",
Last_Name: "Sharma",
Age: "26",
e_mail: "radhika_sharma.123@gmail.com",
phone: "9000012345"
},
{
First_Name: "Rachel",
Last_Name: "Christopher",
Age: "27",
e_mail: "Rachel_Christopher.123@gmail.com",
phone: "9000054321"
},
{
First_Name: "Fathima",
Last_Name: "Sheik",
Age: "24",
e_mail: "Fathima_Sheik.123@gmail.com",
phone: "9000054321"
}
]
)以下示例將檢索名字不是“ Radhika”且名字也不是“ Christopher”的文檔
> db.empDetails.find(
{
$nor:[
40
{"First_Name": "Radhika"},
{"Last_Name": "Christopher"}
]
}
).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd631f270fb13eec3963bef"),
"First_Name" : "Fathima",
"Last_Name" : "Sheik",
"Age" : "24",
"e_mail" : "Fathima_Sheik.123@gmail.com",
"phone" : "9000054321"
}要根據(jù)NOT條件查詢文檔,您需要使用$not關鍵字,以下是NOT基本語法:
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find(
{
$NOT: [
{key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
]
}
).pretty()以下示例將檢索年齡不超過25歲的文檔
> db.empDetails.find( { "Age": { $not: { $gt: "25" } } } )
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd6636870fb13eec3963bf7"),
"First_Name" : "Fathima",
"Last_Name" : "Sheik",
"Age" : "24",
"e_mail" : "Fathima_Sheik.123@gmail.com",
"phone" : "9000054321"
}