在本章中,我們將學(xué)習(xí)如何設(shè)置MongoDB CLIENT。
在Java程序中開始使用MongoDB之前,需要確保在計(jì)算機(jī)上設(shè)置了MongoDB CLIENT和Java。您可以按照J(rèn)ava教程以在計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝Java?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們檢查如何設(shè)置MongoDB CLIENT。
您需要下載jar mongodb-driver-3.11.2.jar and its dependency mongodb-driver-core-3.11.2.jar.。確保下載這些jar文件的最新版本。
您需要將下載的jar文件包含到類路徑中。
要連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),您需要指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱,如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不存在,則MongoDB會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建它。
以下是連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的代碼片段-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class ConnectToDB {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
System.out.println("Credentials ::"+ credential);
}
}現(xiàn)在,讓我們編譯并運(yùn)行以上程序,以創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)myDb,如下所示。
$javac ConnectToDB.java $java ConnectToDB
執(zhí)行后,上述程序?qū)槟峁┮韵螺敵觥?/p>
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) Credentials ::MongoCredential{
mechanism = null,
userName = 'sampleUser',
source = 'myDb',
password = <hidden>,
mechanismProperties = {}}要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建集合,使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase 類的 createCollection ()方法。
以下是創(chuàng)建集合的代碼片段-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class CreatingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
//訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
//創(chuàng)建集合
database.createCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功創(chuàng)建集合");
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功創(chuàng)建集合
要從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中獲取/選擇一個(gè)集合,需要使用 com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase 類的 getCollection ()方法。
以下是獲取/選擇集合的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class selectingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 創(chuàng)建集合
System.out.println("已成功創(chuàng)建集合");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("myCollection");
System.out.println("已成功選擇集合myCollection");
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功創(chuàng)建集合 已成功選擇集合myCollection
要將文檔插入到 MongoDB 中,需要使用 com.MongoDB.client.MongoCollection 類的 insert ()方法。
以下是插入文檔的代碼片段-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
public class InsertingDocument {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 創(chuàng)建集合
database.createCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功創(chuàng)建集合");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功選擇集合sampleCollection");
Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 100)
.append("url", "/mongodb/")
.append("by", "(cainiaoplus.com)");
//將文檔插入集合中
collection.insertOne(document);
System.out.println("文檔插入成功");
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功選擇集合sampleCollection 文檔插入成功
要從集合中選擇所有文檔,請(qǐng)使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection 的class。此方法返回一個(gè)游標(biāo),因此您需要迭代此游標(biāo)。方法find()
以下是選擇所有文檔的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class RetrievingAllDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb", "password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功選擇集合sampleCollection");
Document document1 = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 100)
.append("url", "/mongodb/")
.append("by", "(cainiaoplus.com)");
Document document2 = new Document("title", "RethinkDB")
.append("description", "database")
.append("likes", 200)
.append("url", "/rethinkdb/")
.append("by", "(cainiaoplus.com)");
List<Document> list = new ArrayList<Document>();
list.add(document1);
list.add(document2);
collection.insertMany(list);
// 獲取可迭代對(duì)象
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// 獲取迭代器
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功選擇集合sampleCollection{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b2, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=100, url=/mongodb/, by=(cainiaoplus.com)}}Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=/rethinkdb/, by=(cainiaoplus.com)}}要從集合中更新文檔,請(qǐng)使用com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection的class。方法updateOne()
以下是選擇第一個(gè)文檔的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class UpdatingDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功選擇集合myCollection");
collection.updateOne(Filters.eq("title", 1), Updates.set("likes", 150));
System.out.println("文檔更新成功...");
// 更新后檢索文檔
// 獲取可迭代對(duì)象
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// 獲取迭代器
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功選擇集合myCollection 文檔更新成功...Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b2, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=100, url=/mongodb/, by=(cainiaoplus.com)}}Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=/rethinkdb/, by=(cainiaoplus.com)}}要從集合中刪除文檔,您需要使用類com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection的方法。deleteOne()
以下是刪除文檔的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class DeletingDocuments {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
System.out.println("已成功選擇集合sampleCollection");
// 刪除文件
collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"));
System.out.println("文檔刪除成功...");
// 更新后檢索文檔
// 獲取可迭代對(duì)象
FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
int i = 1;
// 獲取迭代器
Iterator it = iterDoc.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
i++;
}
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功選擇集合sampleCollection 文檔刪除成功...Document{{_id=5dce4e9ff68a9c2449e197b3, title=RethinkDB, description=database, likes=200, url=/rethinkdb/, by=(cainiaoplus.com)}}要從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中刪除集合,您需要使用類com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection的方法。drop()
以下是刪除集合的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class DropingCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
// 創(chuàng)建集合
System.out.println("已成功創(chuàng)建集合");
// 檢索集合
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("sampleCollection");
// 刪除集合
collection.drop();
System.out.println("已成功刪除集合");
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) Collection sampleCollection selected successfully 已成功刪除集合
要列出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的所有集合,您需要使用類com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase的。方法listCollectionNames()
以下是列出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的所有集合的程序-
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
public class ListOfCollection {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Mongo客戶端
MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient( "localhost" , 27017 );
// 創(chuàng)建憑證
MongoCredential credential;
credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("sampleUser", "myDb",
"password".toCharArray());
System.out.println("已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)");
// 訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("myDb");
System.out.println("已成功創(chuàng)建集合");
for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
}在編譯時(shí),上述程序?yàn)槟峁┮韵陆Y(jié)果-
已成功連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 已成功創(chuàng)建集合 myCollection myCollection1 myCollection5
其余的 MongoDB 方法 save ()、 limit ()、 skip ()、 sort ()等的工作方式與后續(xù)教程中解釋的相同。