若要緩存一些昂貴的計算結(jié)果, 下一次你需要它時不需要再執(zhí)行它。以下是解釋緩存如何工作的偽代碼?
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn # Date : 2020-08-08 given a URL, try finding that page in the cache if the page is in the cache: return the cached page else: generate the page save the generated page in the cache (for next time) return the generated page
Django提供了自己的緩存系統(tǒng),可以讓您保存動態(tài)網(wǎng)頁,為了避免在需要時重新計算它們。Django緩存架構(gòu)的優(yōu)點是,讓你緩存 -
特定視圖的輸出 模板的一部分 整個網(wǎng)站
要使用在Django中使用高速緩存,首先要做的是設(shè)置在那里的緩存會保存下來。高速緩存框架提供了不同的可能性 - 高速緩存可以被保存在數(shù)據(jù)庫中,關(guān)于文件系統(tǒng),或直接在內(nèi)存中??稍陧椖康?settings.py 文件設(shè)置完成。
只需在項目settings.py文件添加如下-
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
'LOCATION': 'my_table_name',
}
}對于這項工作,并完成設(shè)置,我們需要創(chuàng)建高速緩存表“my_table_name”。對于這一點,需要做到以下幾點 -
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn # Date : 2020-08-08 python manage.py createcachetable
在文件系統(tǒng)設(shè)置高速緩存
只需在項目settings.py文件添加如下-
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache',
'LOCATION': '/var/tmp/django_cache',
}
}設(shè)置緩存在內(nèi)存中
這是緩存的最有效的方法,你可以使用它這取決于Python綁定庫選擇了內(nèi)存高速緩存,如下列選項之一 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
}
}或
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
'LOCATION': 'unix:/tmp/memcached.sock',
}
}緩存整個網(wǎng)站
使用高速緩存在Django的最簡單的方法就是緩存整個網(wǎng)站。這可以通過編輯項目settings.py的MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES選項來完成。以下需要添加到選項-
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn # Date : 2020-08-08 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES += ( 'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware', )
請注意,這里的順序是很重要的,更新應(yīng)在獲取中間件之前。
然后在同一個文件,還需要設(shè)置 -
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn # Date : 2020-08-08 CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIas – The cache alias to use for storage. CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS – The number of seconds each page should be cached.
緩存視圖
如果不想緩存整個網(wǎng)站,可以緩存特定視圖。這可通過使用附帶 Django 的 cache_page 修飾符完成。我們要緩存視圖viewArticles的結(jié)果-
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn # Date : 2020-08-08 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page @cache_page(60 * 15) def viewArticles(request, year, month): text = "Displaying articles of : %s/%s"%(year, month) return HttpResponse(text)
正如你所看到 cache_page 是您希望視圖結(jié)果被緩存的需要的秒數(shù)(參數(shù))。在上面的實例中,結(jié)果將會緩存 15 分鐘。
注 - 正如我們之前看到的上述視圖是映射到 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
url(r'^articles/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<year>\d{4})/', 'viewArticles', name = 'articles'),)由于URL使用參數(shù),每一個不同的調(diào)用將被單獨地執(zhí)行緩存。例如,請求 /myapp/articles/02/2007 將分別緩存到 /myapp/articles/03/2008。
緩存一個視圖也可以直接在url.py文件中完成。接著下面有相同的結(jié)果與上所述。只要編輯 myapp/url.py 文件并更改(以上)的相關(guān)映射URL為 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
url(r'^articles/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<year>\d{4})/',
cache_page(60 * 15)('viewArticles'), name = 'articles'),)當然,它不再需要myapp/views.py。
緩存模板片段
也可以緩存模板的一部分,這是通過使用 cache 標簽進行的。讓我們把 hello.html 模板修改 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p>
We are
{% if today.day == 1 %}
the first day of month.
{% elif today == 30 %}
the last day of month.
{% else %}
I don't know.
{%endif%}
<p>
{% for day in days_of_week %}
{{day}}
</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}緩存內(nèi)容塊模板將成為 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.jixiangtaizi.com.cn
# Date : 2020-08-08
{% load cache %}
{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% block title %}My Hello Page{% endblock %}
{% cache 500 content %}
{% block content %}
Hello World!!!<p>Today is {{today}}</p>
We are
{% if today.day == 1 %}
the first day of month.
{% elif today == 30 %}
the last day of month.
{% else %}
I don't know.
{%endif%}
<p>
{% for day in days_of_week %}
{{day}}
</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
{% endcache %}正如你可以在上面看到,緩存標簽將需要2個參數(shù) ? 想要的塊被緩存(秒)以及名稱提供給緩存片段。