Maven 教程
Maven Web 應用
本章節(jié)我們將學習如何使用版本控制系統(tǒng) Maven 來管理一個基于 web 的項目，如何創(chuàng)建、構(gòu)建、部署已經(jīng)運行一個 web 應用。
創(chuàng)建 Web 應用
我們可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件來創(chuàng)建一個簡單的 Java web 應用。
打開命令控制臺，進入到 C:\MVN 文件夾，然后執(zhí)行以下的 mvn 命令：
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false
執(zhí)行完后 Maven 將開始處理，并且創(chuàng)建完整的于Java Web 項目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------執(zhí)行完后，我們可以在 C:/MVN 文件夾下看到 trucks 項目，查看項目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：
Maven 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)是標準的，各個目錄作用如下表所示:
| 文件夾結(jié)構(gòu) | 描述 |
|---|---|
| trucks | 包含 src 文件夾和 pom.xml 文件。 |
| src/main/webapp | 包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夾. |
| src/main/webapp/WEB-INF | 包含 web.xml 文件 |
| src/main/resources | 包含圖片、properties資源文件。 |
pom.xml 文件代碼如下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId> <artifactId>trucks</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>trucks</finalName> </build> </project>
接下來我們打開 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夾，可以看到一個已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建好的 index.jsp 文件，代碼如下：
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body> </html>
構(gòu)建 Web 應用
打開命令控制臺，進入 C:\MVN\trucks 目錄，然后執(zhí)行下面的以下 mvn 命令：
C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package
Maven 將開始構(gòu)建項目:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
[INFO] task-segment: [clean, package]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory
C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------部署 Web 應用
打開 C:\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夾，找到 trucks.war 文件，并復制到你的 web 服務器的 web 應用目錄，然后重啟 web 服務器。
測試 Web 應用
訪問以下 URL 運行 web 應用：
http://:/trucks/index.jsp
驗證結(jié)果：
